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The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that succeeded the period referred to as Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–960) and preceded the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), which conquered the Song in 1279. The conventional division into the Northern Song (960–1127) and Southern Song (1127–1279) periods is created by the conquest of northern China by the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in 1127 and the consequent shift of the capital from Bianjing (modern Kaifeng) in the north to Lin'an (modern Hangzhou) in the south. Below is a complete list of emperors of the Song Dynasty, including their temple names, posthumous names, given names, and era names. The dynasty was founded by Zhao Kuangyin, who became Emperor Taizu (''r''. 960–976) and concluded with the death of Zhao Bing, known posthumously as Weiwang (''r''. 1278–1279). The last emperor of the Northern Song was Emperor Qinzong (''r''. 1126–1127), while the first emperor of the Southern Song was Emperor Gaozong (''r''. 1127–1162). The emperor, or ''huangdi'', was the supreme head of state during the imperial era of China (221 BC – 1912), including the Song. He was a hereditary ruler who shared executive powers with civilian officials appointed to various levels of office according to their performance in bureaucratic examinations. The growing importance of the civilian bureaucracy and national gentry class during the Song times led to a much more limited role for the emperor in shaping public policy, although he still maintained his autocratic authority. He had the sole right to establish new laws, although he was expected to respect legal precedents set forth by previous emperors of his dynasty.〔 ==Background== The Song Dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song (''r''. 960–976) in 960, before the Song completely reunified China proper by conquest—excluding only the Sixteen Prefectures. The Song fought a series of wars with the Liao Dynasty (1125–1279), ruled by ethnic Khitans, over the possession of the Sixteen Prefectures of northern China.〔Bol (2001), p. 112.〕 The Liao regime was toppled in 1125 in a joint conquest by Song forces and the ethnic Jurchens led by Emperor Taizong of Jin (''r''. 1123–1134). However, the Jin quickly turned against the Song and invaded Song's northern territory.〔 In what is known as the Jingkang Incident,〔Hennessey (1984), pp. 42, 51.〕 Jin forces captured the Song's capital Kaifeng in 1127, along with Emperor Huizong of Song (''r''. 1100–1126), then a retired emperor, and his ruling son Emperor Qinzong of Song (''r''. 1126–1127).〔Ebrey et al. (2006), pp. 165–167.〕 Emperor Gaozong of Song (''r''. 1127–1162), a son of Huizong, fled south and re-established the Song Dynasty at what is now Nanjing.〔Gernet (1962), p. 22.〕 He established a temporary capital at Hangzhou in 1129, yet by 1132 he declared it the official capital city of the empire.〔Coblin (2002), p. 533.〕 The Jin made several failed attempts to conquer the Southern Song, but in 1165 Emperor Xiaozong of Song (''r''. 1162–1189) and Emperor Shizong of Jin (''r''. 1161–1189) agreed to a peace treaty that resulted in a diplomatic accord being reached between the two countries.〔Tillman (1995), p. 29; Mostern (2008), p. 241.〕 The Song continued to rule southern China until 1279, when the Yuan Dynasty led by Kublai Khan, the Khagan of the Mongols,〔Rossabi (1988), pp. 8, 53.〕 invaded and conquered Song. The last ruler was Zhao Bing, known posthumously as Weiwang (''r''.1278–1279), who was killed on 27 March 1279 during the naval Battle of Yamen in what is now modern Yamen Town of the Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province.〔Rossabi (1988), pp. 93–94.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of emperors of the Song dynasty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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